![]() ![]() Our brains have a difficult time with statistics, and we often don’t understand that small samples are inherently more extreme than large samples. The second part of the book focuses on biases in calculations. System 1 also causes us to substitute easier questions for hard ones, like “What is my mood right now?” for the question “How happy am I these days?” This in turn causes us to like (or dislike) everything about a person, place or thing (the halo effect). System 1 also tends to search for examples that confirm our previously held beliefs (the confirmation bias). Kahneman elaborates on System 1’s biases: sentences that are easier to compute and more familiar seem truer than sentences that require additional thought (a feeling called cognitive ease). But this causes errors, particularly because System 1 has biases and can be easily affected by various environmental stimuli (called priming). System 2 requires more effort, and thus we tend to be lazy and rely on System 1. System 2 is responsible for thoughts and actions that require attention and deliberation: solving problems, reasoning, and concentrating. ![]() We use it to calculate simple math problems, read simple sentences, or recognize objects as belonging to a category. ![]() System 1 operates automatically, intuitively, and involuntarily. Daniel Kahneman begins by laying out his idea of the two major cognitive systems that comprise the brain, which he calls System 1 and System 2. ![]()
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